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Bending Loss – The Risks of Reusing Installed Fiber Cable

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Due to its ultra-high data transmission capacity, ultra-low loss and installation flexibility, glass optical fiber is the most engery-efficient data transmission media available today. Optical fiber cables have been distributed worldwide to connect people and “things” together.

Stated by CRU’s Optical Fibre and Cable Monitor, last year, the global optical cable demand reached 318 million kilometers in the first three quarters of 2016.

As we mentioned in a previous blog, two types of optical fiber are available for different network environments and link distances:

  • Multimode fiber (MMF) for short-reach links up to a few hundred meters, typically used in data centers environments
  • Singlemode fiber (SMF) for long-reach links, such as in LANs, access networks, metro/transport networks and hyperscale data centers

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Cable Plugs Matter More than One Thinks

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The wireless access points, cameras and alternative devices being mounted on our ceilings or high up on walls are connecting to our networks – but not all use standard faceplate, jack and patch-cord configurations to do so. Instead, a direct-attachment system is being used, which terminates horizontal cable with a field cable plug that plugs directly into devices.

There are two cable plug options for Category 5e, Category 6 and Category 6A twisted-pair cabling:

  1. Crimp-on plug types
  2. PCB plug types

Crimp-on plug types require preciseness; cabling wires, contacts and plug components must correspond correctly to achieve appropriate electrical performance. A crimp-on plug must be designed for each cable’s geometric differences. A PCB cable plug, for that matter, does not take cabling configuration into account. Installing a PCB cable plug is just like putting on a jack: You terminate the cable onto IDCs and place the plug housing on top. This disassociates the characteristics of the cable and plug when connecting them.

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TIA acknowledges Direct-Connect Termination Method

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The industry acquired some great news: The TIA TR-42.7 subcommittee consented to incorporate modular plug terminated links (also known as “direct connect”) in a TIA-568.2-D normative annex. The annex provides assistance to IT professionals to ensure a proper direct-connect cabling arrangement. Many Belden staff are closely involved with the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), holding many leadership positions within the organization. We are constantly looking out for the ICT industry, searching for ways to boost existing technology and streamline installation – which is why we presented the issue to TIA and lead the effort to have the direct-connect termination method fully supported.

What does this mean? RJ45 modular plugs can be terminated straight onto horizontal cabling and measured in the field. It allows an assortment of devices, such as wireless access points, surveillance cameras and HDBaseT monitors, to be plugged without the need for an outlet and a patch cord.

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Additional Wireless Access Points: What It Means for Networks

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Ordinarily users will bring up to three devices with them – a smartphone, tablet and laptop, for instance – that will all connect to your network the minute you walks through your doors. (The average U.S. consumer now has 3.64 devices.) These devices are continuously downloading updates, receiving emails and synching to cloud-based storage. According to Dell’Oro, the number of wireless LAN active users is currently outpacing wired LAN users.

This fact alone proves the point that bandwidth capacity requirements are escalating– and we have not touched on the devices that are connecting to enterprise networks as a result of Internet of Things (IoT). VoIP phones, IP surveillance cameras, lighting systems and building controls are all connecting to networks to transfer data, receive data and adjust performance in real time.

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Cabinet Load: Why It Matters and Why It’s Changing

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For better use of floor space and decreased operating costs, the goal it have more active gear inside cabinets and enclosures. As a result, they’re getting wider, deeper and taller. In the past, most enclosures offered 42 RUs or 45 RUs of space. Today, many cabinets offer 48 RUs of space – and can offer as many as 52 RUs (or more).

But as cabinets grow in size, they also get heavier. If cabinets get too heavy, the floor may not be able to support the load; the cabinets may also be very difficult to move.

It’s becoming crucial to analyze load ratings (load capacities) when selecting cabinets. Here are the load ratings you need to know:

  • Static load rating: How much weight a cabinet can hold when racks are loaded in the data center
  • Dynamic load rating: How much weight a cabinet can accommodate when shipped fully loaded (important to note with services like Data Center Ready becoming more popular)
  • Rolling load rating: How much weight a cabinet can tolerate as it is moved/rolled across the floor

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Why PoE Demands Cat 6A Cable

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Power over Ethernet (PoE) is ideal for supplying a variety of networking, AV and computing devices without the need for an outlet or adapter. It also reduces the amount of building material required to power and connect a device to a network by allowing a single cable to provide both services.

No longer confined solely to VoIP phones and security cameras, powered devices are increasingly calling for PoE connections; and these devices are requiring higher power levels. Wireless access points, digital signage, videoconferencing systems and laptops all require an increasing amount of power running through their cables. In fact, a new PoE standard, IEEE 802.3bt, supports up to 100 W of power per cable.

However, higher power levels running through a cable can cause performance issues by making the cable hotter; and when the cable gets hotter, insertion loss increases. This increases the chance of a business experiencing productivity-draining downtime and may also damage the cable itself.

The type of cabling selected can make a major difference in terms of how heat inside the cable is managed, as well as how it impacts performance. Category 5e and Category 6 cable can be used to support PoE devices, but Category 6A is preferable for a number of reasons.

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What is Layer 0?

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Beneath your IT infrastructure lies a foundation: layer 0. It’s the one we often don’t talk about. It’s constantly overlooked but is so critical. Installed behind walls and above the ceiling, behind closed doors and in dark rooms, your cabling – although hidden, and seldom the topic of conversation among IT professionals – is, in my opinion, the most important layer of your information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure.

What is Layer 0?

Basically, layer 0 is made up of your infrastructure cabling and connectivity. It allows data to be reliably transmitted from one place to another at high speeds – whether users/devices are in the same room, in different buildings or separated by thousands of kilometers.

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What we Learned at the Ethernet Alliance’s Technology Exploration Forum

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On Sept. 29, 2016, a Technology Exploration Forum (TEF) was hosted by the Ethernet Alliance to research new Ethernet market demands and technological challenges that will make up the next decade.

Belden was invited to share some insight and engage common interests and new challenges in the Ethernet community. The Forum learned some interesting things from industry experts, including research groups such as Dell’Oro and LightCounting, at the Ethernet Alliance Technology Exploration Forum, and wanted to pass them along to you.

  1. The Current Status of Ethernet
  2. More Cost-Effective, System-Level Solutions
  3. The Potential for a Fragmented Market
  4. Multisource Agreements Fill Gaps
  5. Sweet Spots for Fiber

 ethernet-speeds

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Cheap Patch Cords = POOR Return Loss and Near-End-Cross-Talk

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In the quest to save money, it is common for network managers to consider low-quality, cheap alternative patch cords. But not all patch cords are created equal and cheap patch cords may not match standards, causing unwanted signal degradation.

As the number of network-connected devices continues to increase, the numbers of patch cords being used is also on the rise. This small component makes a big difference (and can potentially cause big problems) in network performance.

Low-quality, cheap patch cords are often the cause of reliability issues in high-speed channels. When something changes in the channel, the link need to be re-established. A cheap patch cord may dramatically change the channel, resulting in performance problems. If this type of cord is bumped or moved, a change in the channel occurs. The link drops, and the DSP must re-establish the link. One bad patch cord can cause performance delays for end-users, leading to frustration and network problems. Cheap patch cords can be the weakest link in a high-speed channel…full article

Simplify Your Infrastructure with Direct-Connect Assembly

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a reality. AV systems, security cameras and building management systems have now become part of your network. Nearly all IoT connections are now made using IP (internet protocol), which could hypothetically allow tens of billions of devices to connect to just one network.

As a result, Power over Ethernet (PoE) is also on the rise. In fact, BSRIA predicts that more than 80% of wireless access points (WAPs) will rely on PoE as a way to transmit electrical power and data to remote devices over standard twisted-pair wire in an Ethernet network by 2020. Between 20% and 50% of other devices and applications – security cameras, access control systems, lighting and HVAC – are all predicted to rely on PoE by 2020.

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